The which command in Linux is used to identify the location of executables.
The where command is a Windows which equivalent in a command-line prompt (CMD).
In a Windows PowerShell the alternative for the which command is the Get-Command utility.
In this note i will show how to find paths of executable commands in Windows. (more…)
Sometimes when an application in Windows hangs, freezes and stops responding the only way to terminate it is to kill from the command-line.
The taskkill command in Windows serves for terminating tasks by name or by process id (PID).
In this note i am showing how to find and kill a process by its name or by PID and how to identify a process by the listening port.
I am also showing how to troubleshoot “The process could not be terminated” and “Access denied” errors. (more…)
Every command or application returns an exit status, also known as a return status or exit code.
A successful command or application returns a 0, while an unsuccessful one returns a non-zero value that usually can be interpreted as an error code.
In Linux you can get the exit status of a last command by executing echo $?.
In this article i will show how to get the return code from the last console command or application in Windows using the command-line prompt (CMD) or the PowerShell. (more…)
What is an environment variable in Windows? An environment variable is a dynamic “object” containing an editable value which may be used by one or more software programs in Windows.
In this note i am showing how to set an environment variable in Windows from the command-line prompt (CMD) and from the Windows PowerShell.
In the examples below i will set an environment variable temporary (for the current terminal session only), permanently for the current user and globally for the whole system. (more…)
The grep command in Linux is widely used for parsing files and searching for useful data in the outputs of different commands.
The findstr command is a Windows grep equivalent in a Windows command-line prompt (CMD).
In a Windows PowerShell the alternative for grep is the Select-String command.
Below you will find some examples of how to “grep” in Windows using these alternatives. (more…)
What is an environment variable in Windows? An environment variable is a dynamic “object” containing an editable value which may be used by one or more software programs in Windows.
In this note i am showing how to list environment variables and display their values from the Windows command-line prompt and from the PowerShell. (more…)
PATH is an environment variable that specifies a set of directories, separated with semicolons (;), where executable programs are located.
In this note i am showing how to print the contents of Windows PATH environment variable from the Windows command prompt.
I am also showing how to add a directory to Windows PATH permanently or for the current session only. (more…)
The article describes how to mount CIFS shares manually. The shares can be on a Windows computer or on a Linux/UNIX server running Samba.
1. Install cifs-utils, if it hasn’t been installed yet.
This package contains tools for mounting shares on Linux using the SMB/CIFS protocol.
# yum install cifs-utils # sudo apt-get install cifs-utils
2. Check that NetBIOS service is running and reachable on the remote host.
Port 139 TCP – NetBIOS (Windows File and Printer Sharing).
It allows applications on separate computers to communicate over a local area network.
You can test it with telnet or nmap.
# nmap -p T:139 172.16.10.1 Nmap scan report for 172.16.10.1 Host is up (0.0011s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 139/tcp open netbios-ssn MAC Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (Unknown) # telnet 172.16.10.1 139 Trying 172.16.10.1... Connected to 172.16.10.1. Escape character is '^]'.
Run all commands as root (use sudo).
# mkdir -p /mnt/win
# mount -t cifs //IP/SHARE/mnt/win/ -o dom=DOMAIN,user=USER,pass=PASSe.g. # mount -t cifs //172.16.10.1/private /mnt/win/ -o user=admin,pass=secret
You can use Computer/Server Name instead of IP Address.
# mount -t cifs //IP/SAHRE/mnt/win/ -o guest e.g. # mount -t cifs //172.16.10.1/public /mnt/win/ -o guest
# mount -t cifs //IP/DRIVE$ /mnt/win/ -o dom=DOMAIN,user=USER,pass=PASSe.g. # mount -t cifs //172.16.10.1/c$ /mnt/win/ -o user=admin,pass=secret
# umount /mnt/win/
This procedure will help you to move or copy your SSL certificate, installed on an IIS server to an Apache server.
Export the private key file from the .PFX file.
$ openssl pkcs12 -in filename.pfx -nocerts -out key.pem
Export the certificate file from the .PFX file.
$ openssl pkcs12 -in filename.pfx -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem
This command removes the passphrase from the private key so Apache won’t prompt you for your passphase when it starts.
$ openssl rsa -in key.pem -out server.key
Make sure that the following lines are present in your apache virtual host configuration file and they are correct:
SSLEngine on SSLOptions +StrictRequire SSLCertificateFile /path/to/certificate/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /patch/to/key/server.key
Don’t forget to restart apache at the end.