A router is a device that communicates between the Internet (or public network) and the devices in a local network (or private network).
A typical home router, that usually acts as a default gateway for the local devices, can be configured using a web-based configuration page that can be accessed from a web-browser if you know the router’s IP address.
In this note i will show how to find out the router’s IP address in Windows, Linux and MacOS from the command line. (more…)
An ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a communication protocol that works on a “Physical (Data-Link)” layer of a TCP/IP stack and is used to discover a MAC address of a device on a LAN (local-area network) based on its IP address.
An ARP table is used to store the discovered pairs of the MAC and IP addresses.
In this note i will show how to display the ARP table and how to clear the ARP cache using the Windows arp command. (more…)
Each IP packet contains information about its origin and destination.
A routing table contains the information necessary to forward an IP packet along the best path toward its destination.
In this note i will show how to display the routing table in Windows using the route print command. (more…)
You may wonder how to find out what proxy server you are using on a Windows machine.
Proxy settings in Windows can be configured system-wide (for all users of the same computer) or per-user.
In this note i will show how to display system-wide and user-specific proxy settings in Windows from the command-line (CMD) and PowerShell. (more…)
User-level environment variables in Windows can be set without admin rights.
The easiest way to set or change an environment variable for the current user is by using the built-in graphical editor for environment variables.
Alternatively, an environment variable for the current user can be set without administrative privileges using the Windows PowerShell. (more…)
A batch file (batch script) in Windows is a text file that typically has a .bat extension and includes one or more command prompt commands.
It is a good practice to comment a source code in a batch file by leaving the remarks that explain functionality of some lines or blocks of code.
Also any line or a block of code in a batch file can be disabled by turning it into a comment (comment out) and enabled back (uncomment).
This note shows how to comment batch files in Windows. (more…)
The process identifier (a.k.a. process ID or PID) is a number used to uniquely identify an active process.
In this short note i will show how to display information about the Windows process (incl. the process name and path to an executable file) by PID from the command-line prompt (CMD) or a Windows PowerShell. (more…)
The touch command in Linux is used to change a file’s “Access“, “Modify” and “Change” timestamps to the current time and date, but if the file doesn’t exist, the touch command creates it.
If you simply want to create an empty file from the command-line prompt (CMD) or a Windows PowerShell – the type and copy commands can be considered as a Windows touch command equivalent.
The file timestamps in Windows can be changed using the built-in PowerShell commands. (more…)
Even though there is still no built-in Windows uptime command, the actual uptime of the server/workstation or the system boot time can be checked from the command-line.
In this note i will show several methods of how to check Windows uptime from the command-line prompt and PowerShell. (more…)
Some scripts or commands executed in Windows PowerShell or CMD may ask interactive questions that have to be responded with “Yes” or “No” answers.
To know how to answer these interactive questions automatically is very handy for different automations.
In this note i will show how to respond “Yes” or “No” to prompts in Windows PowerShell & CMD automatically. (more…)