You can connect the external HDD, SSD or USB flash dives to any of the USB ports on the Raspberry Pi and mount the file system to access the data stored on it.
In this article i will show how to manually or automatically at boot time mount a storage device on the example of a USB flash drive.
I will also show how to mount USB storage devices automatically when they are plugged in, and unmount them when they are removed using usbmount tool.
Cool Tip: Test performance of HDD, SSD, USB Flash Drive, SD card! Read more →
Mount USB Drive on Raspberry Pi
Insert the flash drive into a USB port on your Raspberry Pi and execute the lsblk command to identify the name of the disk partition that points to your storage device and the filesystem type on it:
$ lsblk -fp NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda └─/dev/sda1 vfat USD Drive FC05-DF26 /dev/mmcblk0 ├─/dev/mmcblk0p1 vfat boot 634... 199.9M 21% /boot └─/dev/mmcblk0p2 ext4 rootfs 805... 24.3G 12% /
In the example above, the USB drive is recognized by the operating system of Raspberry Pi as a block device /dev/sda with a single partition /dev/sda1 in FAT format.
Create a mount point, for example:
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/usb0
Depending on the filesystem type, execute one of these commands to mount the USB drive:
| Filesystem | Mount Command |
|---|---|
FAT |
$ sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb0 -o umask=000 |
NTFS |
$ sudo apt install ntfs-3g $ sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb0 -o umask=000 |
exFAT |
$ sudo apt install exfat-fuse $ sudo mount -t exfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb0 |
EXT4 |
$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb0 |
Once the USB drive is mounted, you can verify this by listing its contents:
$ ls -lt /mnt/usb0
To unmount the USB drive, execute the umount command:
$ sudo umount /mnt/usb0
Cool Tip: Check the real actual size of USB flash drive or SD card! Read More →
Automatically Mount USB Drive on Raspberry Pi
Run the blkid command to find out the UUID of the USB drive:
$ sudo blkid /dev/mmcblk0p1: LABEL_FATBOOT="boot" LABEL="boot" UUID="6341-C9E5" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="ea7d04d6-01" /dev/mmcblk0p2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="80571af6-21c9-48a0-9df5-cffb60cf79af" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="ea7d04d6-02" /dev/sda1: UUID="FC05-DF26" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="2d72d270-01"
Make a backup and open the /etc/fstab file in your favorite text editor:
$ sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.back $ sudo nano /etc/fstab
Depending on the filesystem type, append one of the lines from the table below to /etc/fstab and save the changes:
| Filesystem | Line To Add To /etc/fstab |
|---|---|
FAT |
UUID=FC05-DF26 /mnt/usb0 vfat defaults,auto,users,rw,nofail,umask=000 0 0 |
NTFS |
UUID=FC05-DF26 /mnt/usb0 ntfs defaults,auto,users,rw,nofail,umask=000 0 0 |
exFAT |
UUID=FC05-DF26 /mnt/usb0 exfat defaults,auto,users,rw,nofail 0 0 |
EXT4 |
UUID=FC05-DF26 /mnt/usb0 ext4 defaults,auto,users,rw,nofail 0 0 |
Don't forget to set the corresponding UUID and replace the mount point with the one you have created (if it is not /mnt/usb0).
Mount options:
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
defaults |
Use default options: rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser and async |
auto |
Mount when mount -a is given (e.g., at boot time) |
users |
Allow mount/unmount by any user |
rw |
Mount read-write |
nofail |
Do not report errors for this device if it does not exist |
umask=000 |
Anyone can read, write or execute any file or directory |
0 0 |
Don't dump. Don't check filesystem for errors during startup |
Once the record is added to /etc/fstab, the USB drive will be automatically mounted on system boot.
Also you can mount and unmout the USB drive at any time without reboot using the following commands:
$ sudo mount /mnt/usb0 $ sudo umount /mnt/usb0
Cool Tip: Shutdown & reboot Raspberry Pi safely! Read more →
Auto-Mount USB Drive on Plugin-Time
Alternatively, you can install the usbmount tool - it automatically mounts USB drives when they are plugged in and unmounts them when they are removed.The mount points (/media/usb[0-7] by default), supported filesystems (vfat, ext[2-4] and hfsplus by default) and mount options (sync, noexec, nodev, noatime, nodiratime by default) can be configured in /etc/usbmount/usbmount.conf file.
Install usbmount:
$ sudo apt install usbmount
When multiple devices are plugged in, the first available mount point is automatically selected:
$ ls -lt /media/usb0
To troubleshooting any issues with usbmount, use the following command to check logs:
$ journalctl -u systemd-udevd.service -f