If you wonder how to find out which devices are connected to a MikroTik router, you will find the answer in this note.
Below I am showing 3 different ways of getting MAC and IP addresses of the devices connected to the MikroTik router, using a terminal or a Winbox/Winfig.
It is up to you to decide which way of identifying the connected devices is the best. (more…)
tcpdump is a command-line network packet analyzing tool, that is absolutely essential for troubleshooting networking issues.
It is used to display network packets transmitted over network interfaces connected to the system on which tcpdump is installed.
tcpdump has a large set of flags and arguments used to specify various options, which can be pretty overwhelming for beginners.
Below you will find a collection of the best examples of the tcpdump command. (more…)
If you can’t access some service on a remote Linux machine with enabled iptables, this may be caused by the firewall rules.
To troubleshoot connectivity issues, you can temporary disable iptables to see if it is causing them, and then re-enable it.
This short note shows how to temporary disable iptables on Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, etc.) for maintenance or troubleshooting, and then re-enable it. (more…)
MikroTik routers have a backup feature that allows to save and restore a system configuration.
This is one of the most important features in MikroTik as it allows to restore the device’s configuration after a software crash or to re-apply the same configuration on a backup device (with the same model name and number) after a hardware failure.
This note shows how to backup and restore the MikroTik routers through a command-line interface (CLI), WinBox and WebFig. (more…)
Some Internet service providers (ISPs) only allow devices with particular media access control (MAC) addresses to connect to the Internet.
If you’ve decided to replace your ISP’s router with a MikroTik, you may need to clone the MAC address of a wide area network (WAN) interface to the new device.
Below I will show how to change the MAC address of the MikroTik router through a command-line interface (CLI), WinBox and WebFig. (more…)
Windows allows to convert JPG/PNG images to PDF for free without having to install any additional software.
There are also many sites offering to convert JPG/PNG images to PDF online, but do you really trust them enough to upload your personal documents to their servers, especially when there is an easy way to create a PDF from a JPG/PNG image yourself?
Below I will show you how to convert JPG/PNG images to PDF on Windows for free. (more…)
If you have a PDF file protected by a password, you may wonder how to unlock it and remove the password protection so you don’t have to enter the password every time you want to open the file.
The PDF file protection can be easily removed by using a “Print” feature that is present in any web-browser on any operation system, incl. Windows, MacOS and Linux.
Below you will find an easy to follow step-by-step guide on how to unlock the password-protected PDF file using the web-browser’s “Print” feature. (more…)
Knowing how to find out a manufacture date of a Windows computer (laptop or desktop) can be useful in many ways.
For example, if you are purchasing a second-hand computer you may want to know how old is it to determine the warranty status or to negotiate the price.
This note shows 3 different ways of how to find out how old your Windows computer is. (more…)
A Windows product key is a 25-character code used to activate Windows, that looks like: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX
When Windows is getting installed on a computer, it stores its product key in a registry from where anyone can view it.
This short note shows how to find your Windows product key using a Windows command prompt (CMD). (more…)
There are three types of Windows licenses: Retail, OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and Volume.
If you wonder which of these licenses is applied to your system, you can easily find this out using a Windows command prompt (CMD) or PowerShell. (more…)