A kubectl autocomplete is a feature that helps to complete kubectl commands or filenames automatically by pressing the ↹ Tab key.
This feature can be enabled in Windows PowerShell by invoking a simple kubectl completion powershell command.
Though this way it will be enabled temporary for the current session only.
To enable the kubectl autocomplete feature permanently it is required to add some commands to your Powershell $PROFILE file and this post shows how to do this. (more…)
Bing Chat is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by Microsoft and released in 2023.
The current version of Bing Chat is based on the GPT-4 large language model (LLM) created by OpenAI.
Bing Chat is free to use and available to the public as a built-in feature of Microsoft Edge.
This note shows how to access Bing Chat in Microsoft Edge. (more…)
Configuring an OpenVPN server on a MikroTik router can be a complex task, especially for beginners with limited experience in networking.
Below you will find how to setup the OpenVPN server on your MikroTik router from a command-line (terminal) quickly and easily, and how to connect to it using an OpenVPN client. (more…)
A GitHub’s release feature allows to provide links to download specific versions of a published software.
However, if you need to download the latest version of a package, you will have to update the version number in the URL each time a new release is made.
This post shows how to make a direct link to download the latest release of a file from an asset on GitHub. (more…)
An ArgoCD CLI is the official command-line interface for an ArgoCD.
It can be used to interact with the ArgoCD API server and manage ArgoCD applications.
In this post I will show how to download and install the latest stable version of the ArgoCD CLI on Windows through a graphical user interface (GUI), or using a command-line prompt (CMD) or PowerShell. (more…)
Kubernetes (K8s) has a feature, that allows to mark (taint) a Node, so that no Pods can be scheduled on it, unless a Pod explicitly tolerates the taint.
If you try to deploy the Pod that doesn’t tolerate any of the K8s Nodes’ taints, you will get an error as follows:
0/5 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn’t tolerate, 2 node(s) had taint {dedicated: agents}, that the pod didn’t tolerate, 2 node(s) had taint {dedicated: controllers}, that the pod didn’t tolerate.
To tolerate the K8s Nodes’ taints, it is required to specify a toleration for the Pod in the PodSpec, and below I will show the examples of how to do this. (more…)
In ArgoCD, if you try to add/update some object that already exists, you my receive an error as follows:
Unable to connect repository: existing repository spec is different; use upsert flag to force update.
If you try to create/update an existent application, cluster or any other object you will receive the similar error. (more…)
A kubectl is the official Kubernetes command-line tool used to connect to and execute commands on Kubernetes clusters.
As the kubectl executable can be installed on Windows, it can also be used to connect to the remote Kubernetes clusters from Windows machines.
This post shows how to connect to the remote Kubernetes clusters using the kubectl command from Windows. (more…)
A complete MikroTik firmware downgrade requires a downgrade of two components: 1️⃣ MikroTik RouterOS – an operating system (OS), and 2️⃣ MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware – a bootloader.
Before starting the MikroTik router downgrade, make sure that you have a backup of your current router configuration, as this is important in case of something goes wrong during the downgrade process.
Cool Tip: How to backup and restore a MikroTik router! Read more →
Get the information about the current MikroTik RouterOS version, factory software version and device architecture, by going to ⚙️ “System” → “Resources”:
ℹ️ The factory software is the oldest version supported by the MikroTik device.
Also list the installed packages by going to ⚙️ “System” → “Packages”:
To get this information from a command-line (terminal), execute:
[admin@MikroTik] > /system resource print - sample output - uptime: 13m7s version: 7.10.2 (stable) build-time: Jul/12/2023 09:45:11 factory-software: 7.5 free-memory: 617.5MiB total-memory: 928.0MiB cpu: ARM64 cpu-count: 4 cpu-frequency: 1320MHz cpu-load: 1% free-hdd-space: 94.1MiB total-hdd-space: 128.5MiB write-sect-since-reboot: 50 write-sect-total: 684906 bad-blocks: 0.7% architecture-name: arm64 board-name: hAP ax^3 platform: MikroTik [admin@MikroTik] > /system package print - sample output - Columns: NAME, VERSION # NAME VERSION 0 routeros 7.10.2 1 wifiwave2 7.10.2
To downgrade the MikroTik router it is required to downgrade not the RouterOS only but all the installed packaged, otherwise the downgrade won’t succeed and the MikroTik version won’t change after reboot.
Download the packages to which you want to downgrade your MikroTik router (they should match your device architecture).
In the example below I am downloading the routeros-7.6-arm64.npk package and the all_packages-arm64-7.6.zip archive that contains the wifiwave2-7.6-arm64.npk package that also has to be upgraded:
Upload the .npk packages to the MikroTik device through the 📁 “Files” menu:
From the command-line (terminal) you can upload them, for example, using scp:
$ scp Downloads/routeros-7.5-arm64.npk admin@192.168.88.1: $ scp Downloads/wifiwave2-7.6-arm64.npk admin@192.168.88.1:
To downgrade the MikroTik RouterOS, go to ⚙️ “System” → “Resources” and click on “Downgrade”:
To downgrade the MikroTik RouterOS from the command-line (terminal), execute:
[admin@MikroTik] > /system package downgrade
The router will be rebooted and the MikroTik RouterOS will be downgraded.
After downgrading the MikroTik RouterOS, it is always recommended to downgrade the firmware of the MikroTik RouterBOARD.
To downgrade the MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware using Winbox/Winfig, go to ⚙️ “System” → “RouterBOARD” and click on “Upgrade”:
After the MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware downgrade, reboot the router for changes to take effect (⚙️ “System” → “Reboot”).
To downgrade the MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware from the command-line (terminal), execute:
[admin@MikroTik] > /system routerboard print - sample output - routerboard: yes board-name: hAP ax^3 model: C53UiG+5HPaxD2HPaxD serial-number: ******** firmware-type: ipq6000 factory-firmware: 7.6 current-firmware: 7.10.2 upgrade-firmware: 7.6 [admin@MikroTik] > /system routerboard upgrade [admin@MikroTik] > /system reboot
Cool Tip: Upgrade MikroTik RouterOS & RouterBOARD firmware! Read more →
A complete MikroTik upgrade requires an upgrade of two components: 1️⃣ MikroTik RouterOS – an operating system (OS), and 2️⃣ MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware – a bootloader.
Before starting the MikroTik router upgrade, make sure that you have a backup of your current router configuration, as this is important in case of something goes wrong during the upgrade process.
Cool Tip: How to backup and restore a MikroTik router! Read more →
To upgrade the MikroTik RouterOS, using Winbox/Winfig, go to ⚙️ “System” → “Packages” and click on “Check For Updates” to see if there are any new RouterOS versions available.
If there is a new RouterOS version available, click on “Download” or “Download&Install”:
If you click on the “Download” button, to upgrade the router you would also have to reboot it manually(⚙️ “System” → “Reboot”).
If you click on the “Download&Install” button, the router will be upgraded and rebooted automatically, as only the selected RouterOS package is downloaded.
To upgrade the MikroTik RouterOS from a command-line (terminal), execute:
[admin@MikroTik] > /system package update check-for-updates - sample output - channel: stable installed-version: 7.6 latest-version: 7.10.2 status: New version is available [admin@MikroTik] > /system package update install
After updating the MikroTik RouterOS, it is always recommended to update the firmware of the MikroTik RouterBOARD.
To update the MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware using Winbox/Winfig, go to ⚙️ “System” → “RouterBOARD” and click on “Upgrade”:
After the MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware upgrade, reboot the router for changes to take effect (⚙️ “System” → “Reboot”).
To upgrade the MikroTik RouterBOARD firmware from the command-line (terminal), execute:
[admin@MikroTik] > /system routerboard print - sample output - routerboard: yes board-name: hAP ax^3 model: C53UiG+5HPaxD2HPaxD serial-number: ******** firmware-type: ipq6000 factory-firmware: 7.6 current-firmware: 7.6 upgrade-firmware: 7.10.2 [admin@MikroTik] > /system routerboard upgrade [admin@MikroTik] > /system reboot
Cool Tip: Downgrade MikroTik RouterOS & RouterBOARD firmware! Read more →