python

Let’s say you have a Python module somehow installed on a computer, so you can “import” it, and you want to find a path to this module to check its source files.

In this note i am showing how to list all the locally installed Python modules and how to find the paths to these Python modules. (more…)

To check if a webpage has been indexed by Google, you can manually search for site:<webpage> in a Google Search, for example: site:https://www.shellhacks.com/indexed-by-google-pages-checker-on-python.

If the page is indexed by Google, you will see the URL in the result of the Google Search, otherwise you will see the message as follows:

Your search – site:https://www.shellhacks.com/indexed-by-google-pages-checker-on-python – did not match any documents.

If you need to check multiple pages, it will be much more efficient to create a Python script for checking the pages indexed by Google.

This note shows an example of the minimal Python script for checking the pages indexed by Google, that can be used as a base and improved according to your needs. (more…)

The requirements.txt file that contains the Python application dependencies is usually generated by developers using the pip freeze > requirements.txt command.

If you install dependencies with the pip install -r requirements.txt command as a part of some automated pipeline or a Dockerfile and you have an issue with some of the dependencies, you may wonder how to exclude and not to install the packages that cause the issue.

In this note i will show how to exclude the specific packages while installing the Python dependencies using the pip install -r requirements.txt command. (more…)

The dependencies of the installed Python packages can be listed using the built-in pip show command.

Alternatively the dependencies can be shown as a tree structure using the pipdeptree command.

In this note i will show several examples of how to list dependencies of the installed Python packages. (more…)

If you are trying to install some Python package using the pip install command and pip fails to verify the SSL certificate, you may receive the error as follows:

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/…/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=’pypi.org’, port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /…/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, ‘[ SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: … – skipping

If there is a problem with confirming the SSL certificate of a repository, you can add it as a --trusted-host that will make pip ignore the SSL certificate check for this repository. (more…)

By default, the pip install command installs the latest version of a package.

However, it is often necessary to install an old version of a package to much some specific requirements.

In this post i am showing how to install the specific version of a package using the pip install command. (more…)

What is Pip? pip is a tool for installing and managing Python packages.

With pip command you can install, list, upgrade (update), downgrade and uninstall Python packages.

In this post i am showing how to use pip from the command line by giving examples of the basic pip commands. (more…)

virtualenv serves for creating isolated Python environments.

It creates a folder with a copy of Python interpreter and a copy of the pip library which will be used to install other packages in this virtual environment without affecting other projects or system-wide libraries.

virtualenv makes it easier to work on more than one project at a time without introducing conflicts in their dependencies.

From this article you will find out how to install, create, activate and deactivate virtualenv. (more…)

What is Pip? pip is a tool for installing and managing Python packages.

As well as Python, pip can be install on various operation systems: Linux, Mac, Windows, etc.

In this post i am showing how to install pip on MacOS and how to install pip on Linux (Ubuntu and CentOS). (more…)